Real-world answers to the most common home plumbing problems, reviewed by licensed plumber Michael Hardy.
Why is my faucet dripping even when turned off?
Most dripping faucets are caused by worn washers, O-rings, or cartridges inside the valve assembly. Over time, these rubber or ceramic parts degrade, leading to small leaks. In some cases, high water pressure or sediment buildup may accelerate wear.
Solution: Shut off the water supply, disassemble the handle, and replace the faulty part. For modern single-handle faucets, cartridge replacement is usually required. Always use manufacturer-approved replacement parts for proper fit.
If the faucet body is corroded or cracked, replacement of the entire fixture is often more cost-effective.
What should I do if my toilet keeps running?
A running toilet wastes water and usually results from one of three issues:
- Faulty flapper: The rubber seal inside the tank may not be sealing properly.
- Worn fill valve: The mechanism that refills the tank may not be shutting off.
- Incorrect water level: If the float is set too high, water will spill into the overflow tube.
Solution: Replace the flapper (an inexpensive fix), adjust the float, or install a new fill valve kit. Always check the flush handle and chain for tangles before replacing parts.
Why does my drain smell bad?
Unpleasant drain odors usually stem from one of these causes:
- Dry P-trap: If a drain is rarely used, the water in its trap can evaporate, allowing sewer gases to enter.
- Buildup of organic matter: Food scraps, grease, or hair trapped in pipes can cause bacteria growth.
- Ventilation issues: Improperly vented plumbing can lead to negative air pressure that pulls sewer odors inside.
Solution: Run water to refill the trap, clean the drain with a non-corrosive solution (baking soda and vinegar followed by hot water), and ensure vents are not blocked. Persistent odors may require professional inspection of vent stacks or sewer lines.
Can I use chemical drain cleaners?
While chemical drain cleaners can dissolve clogs, they are not recommended because:
- They can damage PVC pipes and corrode older metal piping.
- The chemicals are hazardous to skin, eyes, and the environment.
- They often provide only temporary relief while pushing debris deeper.
Safer alternatives: Use a plunger, drain snake, or enzymatic cleaners. For severe or recurring clogs, professional hydro-jetting may be required.
How do I prevent frozen pipes in winter?
Frozen pipes can burst and cause major damage. Prevention steps include:
- Insulate exposed pipes in unheated spaces (attics, basements, crawl spaces, garages).
- Keep cabinet doors open to allow warm air around plumbing.
- During extreme cold, let faucets drip slightly to keep water moving.
- Seal cracks and openings in walls to reduce cold air infiltration.
If pipes are already frozen, shut off the main water supply and thaw using warm towels or a hairdryer. Never use open flames.
How often should I flush my water heater?
Water heaters accumulate sediment that reduces efficiency and shortens lifespan. Flushing once per year is recommended in most households. In areas with very hard water, flushing every 6 months is ideal.
Steps: Shut off power or gas, close the cold-water valve, connect a hose to the drain valve, and direct water outside. After draining, briefly open the valve to flush remaining sediment. Always follow manufacturer’s instructions.
When should I call a professional plumber?
Some tasks are safe for homeowners (replacing faucet washers, clearing simple clogs). However, call a licensed plumber when:
- You smell gas or suspect a gas line issue.
- Main sewer lines are clogged or backing up.
- Water pressure suddenly drops across the whole house.
- There are slab leaks or hidden pipe bursts.
- Permits and code compliance are required (e.g., remodeling, installing new water heaters).